RESOURCES

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving complex genetic, immune, and environmental interactions. Current in vitro models fail to fully replicate the human psoriatic microenvironment, while animal models are limited by species differences and ethical concerns, restricting their applicability in pathogenesis studies and drug screening. Here, we present a human-derived in vitro psoriasis model constructed via 3D bioprinting. By optimizing the bioink composition, we fabricated a full-thickness skin model with a vascularized dermal layer and a dense stratified epidermis. Cell viability in the bioprinted skin exceeded 90% after 7 d. The full-thickness skin exhibited a TEER value of ∼383 kΩ, reflecting native-like barrier integrity. Psoriatic features, including epidermal hyperplasia and upregulated inflammatory cytokines, were successfully induced through TNF-α and IL-22 stimulation. Structural and functional analyses confirmed that the model closely mimics the pathological hallmarks of psoriasis. Furthermore, drug testing showed that both tofacitinib and Danshensu effectively reduced IL-22 and TNF-α expression by more than 60%, while concurrently enhancing LOR expression by nearly 2-fold, reflecting improved epidermal differentiation. This study highlights the potential of 3D bioprinting in developing physiologically relevant skin disease models, providing a robust platform for psoriasis research and preclinical drug testing.

Abstract
The emergence of cellular immunotherapy treatments is introducing more efficient strategies to combat cancer as well as autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the cellular manufacturing procedures associated with these therapies remain costly and time-consuming, thus limiting their applicability. Recently, lymph-node-inspired PEG-heparin hydrogels have been demonstrated to improve primary human T cell culture at the laboratory scale. To go one step further in their clinical applicability, we assessed their scalability, which was successfully achieved by 3D printing. Thus, we were able to improve primary human T cell infiltration in the biohybrid PEG-heparin hydrogels, as well as increase nutrient, waste, and gas transport, resulting in higher primary human T cell proliferation rates while maintaining the phenotype. Thus, we moved one step further toward meeting the requirements needed to improve the manufacture of the cellular products used in cellular immunotherapies.